A Case Study on the Potential of Fever Medicinal Plants in Pulau Birandang Village, Kampar, Indonesia

Abstract

Traditional medicinal plants represent an essential component of cultural heritage and remain a primary source of healthcare in many rural communities. In Pulau Birandang Village, Kampar Regency, Indonesia, fever is commonly managed using locally available plant species, yet systematic documentation and scientific evaluation of these practices remain limited. This study aimed to identify medicinal plants used for fever, characterise preparation and application methods, and examine their potential pharmacological basis. A qualitative descriptive methodology was employed, combining field observations, semi-structured interviews with traditional healers and community members, and systematic documentation of plant species and preparation techniques. Each plant was identified by local and scientific names, and information on plant parts utilised, preparation methods, and modes of application was collected. Data were analysed descriptively and interpreted in light of known bioactive compounds and their therapeutic properties. Seven medicinal plants were documented as central to traditional fever management: turmeric, castor plant, life plant, kapok tree, hibiscus, winter melon, and bilimbi. Leaves, rhizomes, flowers, and fruits were the primary plant parts used, prepared through slicing, maceration, boiling, and grating, and applied topically, orally, or via bathing. The practices involve the extraction of bioactive secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids, which exhibit antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. The findings indicate that traditional knowledge in Pulau Birandang is empirically grounded and culturally embedded, demonstrating sophisticated strategies for maximising therapeutic efficacy. This research highlights the potential of locally available medicinal plants for fever treatment and contributes to the preservation of ethnomedicinal knowledge. The integration of traditional practice with scientific understanding supports the development of evidence-based herbal therapies, encourages sustainable use of biodiversity, and provides a foundation for further pharmacological and clinical investigations